In the world of security systems, cameras, NVRs, and AI analytics often take the spotlight—but none of these devices can function reliably without a critical, often overlooked component: security cables. These unsung heroes are the backbone of any surveillance infrastructure, responsible for three non-negotiable tasks: delivering stable power to cameras, transmitting crisp video/signals without interference, and preserving data integrity 24/7.
Consider this: A retail store invests in high-end 4K Starvis cameras and a enterprise-grade NVR, only to find footage is choppy and cameras frequently power off. The culprit? Low-quality Ethernet cables that can’t handle PoE (Power over Ethernet) loads or shield against nearby fluorescent lights’ interference. Or a city’s smart traffic system, where a rodent-chewed outdoor cable causes a 2-hour gap in license plate recording—delaying a hit-and-run investigation.
At Hector Weyl, a Shenzhen-based leader in end-to-end security solutions, we’ve seen firsthand how subpar cables turn even the most advanced surveillance systems into liabilities. That’s why we engineer cables to meet the strictest industry standards (including China’s GA/T series and international benchmarks like TIA/EIA) and tailor them to real-world challenges—from extreme temperatures to heavy interference.
In this guide, we’ll demystify security cables: their classifications, key components, technical specs, and how to choose the right one for your project. By the end, you’ll understand why cables aren’t just “accessories”—they’re a make-or-break part of your security system.
1. The Basics: What Are Security Cables, and Why Do Standards Matter?
Security cables are specialized wires designed to withstand the unique demands of surveillance environments: continuous operation, exposure to harsh conditions (dust, rain, extreme temperatures), and protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI) that distorts video or data.
Unlike consumer cables (e.g., the USB cable for your phone), security cables must adhere to strict industry standards to ensure reliability and safety. The most critical standard for Chinese security projects is GA/T 1297-2016《Security Cables for Video Surveillance Systems》—a public security industry standard that classifies cables, defines performance metrics, and ensures compatibility across devices.
Why standards matter:
- Interoperability: A GA/T-compliant cable will work seamlessly with Hector Weyl cameras, Hikvision NVRs, or Dahua access control systems—no “hit-or-miss” compatibility issues.
- Reliability: Standards mandate tests for attenuation (signal loss), shielding effectiveness, and environmental resistance—so you know the cable will perform in real-world conditions.
- Compliance: Government, healthcare, and transportation projects (e.g., airports, subway systems) require cables to meet GA/T or equivalent standards to pass inspections.
2. Classification of Security Cables: From GA/T 1297-2016 to Real-World Use Cases
GA/T 1297-2016 categorizes security cables into six core types, each serving a distinct purpose in surveillance systems. We’ll break down each type, its components, and when to use it—with a focus on how Hector Weyl optimizes each for performance.
2.1 Core Classification by Function (GA/T 1297-2016)
| Cable Type | Primary Purpose | Key Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Power Cables | Deliver stable AC/DC power to cameras/sensors | All surveillance devices (cameras, NVRs, alarms) |
| Signal/Control Cables | Transmit control signals (e.g., pan/tilt for PTZs) | PTZ cameras, access control readers, alarm sensors |
| Video Coaxial Cables | Transmit analog/digital video signals | Analog cameras, HD-CVI/TVI cameras |
| Data Cables | Transmit Ethernet data (for IP systems) | IP cameras, NVRs, network switches |
| Optical Cables | Transmit high-bandwidth data over long distances | Citywide surveillance, campus-wide systems |
| Composite Cables | Combine 2+ functions (e.g., power + data) | Outdoor cameras (reduces wiring costs) |
2.2 Secondary Classification by Environmental & Safety Performance
Beyond function, cables are classified by how well they withstand external threats and hazards. This is where you’ll see terms like “LSZH” or “rodent-proof”—critical for choosing the right cable for your environment.
| Classification | Key Feature | Ideal Use Cases |
|---|---|---|
| Fire Resistance | - Flame-Retardant (FR): Stops fire spread - Fire-Resistant (FRR): Works during fires (≥90min) - LSZH (Low-Smoke Zero Halogen): No toxic smoke/gases when burned |
- FR: Offices, retail stores - FRR: Data centers, hospitals - LSZH: Subways, airports, schools |
| Environmental Resistance | - Low-Temperature Resistant: -40℃ to -60℃ - Waterproof (IP67/IP68): Submersible or rainproof - UV-Resistant: Withstands sun exposure - Oil/Acid/Alkali-Resistant: Chemical environments |
- Low-temp: Cold storage, polar regions - Waterproof: Outdoor cameras, parking lots - UV-resistant: Rooftop installations - Chemical-resistant: Factories, labs |
| Mechanical Resistance | - Rodent-Proof/Insect-Proof: Armored to prevent chewing - Armored: Steel / 铝 tape or wire for impact protection |
- Rodent-proof: Warehouses, underground garages - Armored: Construction sites, outdoor buried cables |
3. Deep Dive: Each Cable Type—Components, Specs, and Hector Weyl Advantages
Not all cables of the same type are equal. A “power cable” from a generic brand might fail in 6 months outdoors, while a Hector Weyl power cable lasts 5+ years. The difference lies in components (conductor, insulation, shielding) and adherence to specs. Let’s break down each type in detail.
3.1 Power Cables: The “Lifeblood” of Surveillance Devices
Power cables deliver AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current) power to cameras, NVRs, and sensors. Most surveillance devices use DC 12V (small cameras) or AC/DC 24V (PTZ cameras, large NVRs), so cables must be rated for these voltages and the device’s current draw.
Key Components of Power Cables
| Component | Purpose | Hector Weyl Specifications |
|---|---|---|
| Conductor | Carries electrical current (core material = copper, as it’s low-resistance) | Oxygen-Free Copper (OFC): 99.99% pure copper, reduces resistance by 20% vs. recycled copper. |
| Insulation | Prevents current leakage and short circuits | - XLPE: 耐温 -40℃ to 105℃ (outdoor/high-heat use) - TPE: Flexible (for tight bends, e.g., elevator cameras) - PVC-J: Cost-effective (indoor use) |
| Shielding | Reduces EMI from nearby devices (e.g., motors, transformers) | Optional aluminum foil + tinned copper braid (double shielding) for industrial environments. |
| Sheathing | Protects inner components from physical damage | - PE: Waterproof (outdoor) - LSZH: Low-smoke (public areas) - PVC-H: Durable (indoor) |
| Armoring | Extra protection against impact/rodents (outdoor buried cables) | Steel tape + PE sheath: Resists rodent chewing and shovel damage. |
Critical Specs to Consider
-
AWG (American Wire Gauge): Measures conductor thickness (smaller number = thicker wire). Common sizes for surveillance:
- 24AWG: For DC 12V cameras (max current 1.5A, e.g., Hector Weyl NightColor NC-2MP10).
- 22AWG: For DC 24V PTZ cameras (max current 3A, e.g., Hector Weyl PTZ-NC4K).
- Voltage Rating: Must match the device (e.g., “300V/500V” for 24V devices—overrating prevents voltage spikes).
- Current Capacity: Ensure the cable can handle the device’s max current (e.g., a 24V PTZ camera drawing 2A needs a cable rated for ≥2A).
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using “thin” 26AWG cables for high-current devices: Causes voltage drop (cameras power off randomly).
- Mixing AC and DC cables: AC cables have different insulation ratings and can fail with DC power.
Hector Weyl Power Cable Series
- HW-PWR-12V/24V: Indoor/outdoor options, OFC conductor, XLPE insulation.
- HW-PWR-LSZH: LSZH sheathing for schools/hospitals, fire-retardant.
3.2 Signal/Control Cables: Transmitting “Commands” to Devices
Signal/control cables send low-voltage control signals between devices—e.g., telling a PTZ camera to pan left, triggering an alarm siren, or syncing a door access reader with a camera. The most common types are RS485 cables (for PTZ control) and alarm lines (for sensors).
A. RS485 Cables (PTZ Control)
RS485 is a serial communication standard for long-distance signal transmission (up to 1200m at 9600bps). It uses twisted-pair cables to reduce interference.
-
Key Specs:
- Characteristic Impedance: 90Ω–150Ω (critical for signal integrity—Hector Weyl RS485 cables are calibrated to 120Ω ±5%).
- Transmission Distance: 900m at 9600bps (use Hector Weyl RS485 repeaters for longer distances, e.g., 2000m).
- Wiring Topology: T-shaped or zigzag (avoid star topology, which causes signal reflections).
-
Hector Weyl Advantage: Our RS485 cables use twisted-pair OFC conductors with aluminum foil shielding, reducing signal loss by 15% vs. non-twisted cables. Ideal for large sites like stadiums or campuses.
B. Alarm Lines (Sensor Signals)
Alarm lines connect passive infrared (PIR) sensors, door contacts, or smoke detectors to alarm panels. They require low resistance to avoid false alarms.
-
Key Specs:
- Conductor: 22–28AWG (24–26AWG recommended for balance of flexibility and low resistance).
- DC Impedance: ≤100Ω (Hector Weyl alarm lines use OFC, impedance ≤80Ω for longer distances).
- Shielding: Twisted-pair to reduce EMI (prevents false alarms from nearby power cables).
Hector Weyl Signal/Control Cable Series
- HW-RS485: Twisted-pair, 120Ω impedance, aluminum foil shielding.
- HW-ALARM: 24AWG twisted-pair, LSZH option, ≤80Ω DC impedance.
3.3 Video Coaxial Cables: Analog Video’s Trusted Transmitter
Video coaxial cables (or “coax cables”) are designed for analog cameras (e.g., CVBS) and HD analog cameras (HD-CVI/TVI/AHD). They use a central conductor surrounded by insulation and shielding to block EMI—critical for crisp video.
Structure of a Coaxial Cable
A typical coax cable (per GA/T 1297-2016) has 4 layers:
- Central Conductor: OFC (transmits video signal).
-
Insulation Layer: Separates conductor from shield (material affects attenuation):
- Solid PE: Cost-effective, low flexibility (indoor).
- Foam PE: Low attenuation (long-distance outdoor).
- Semi-Foam PE: Balances flexibility and low attenuation (hybrid use).
-
Shielding Layer: Blocks EMI (the more shielding, the better):
- Foil Shielding: Aluminum foil (blocks high-frequency EMI, e.g., from cell towers).
- Braided Shielding: Tinned copper braid (blocks low-frequency EMI, e.g., from motors).
- Dual Shielding: Foil + braid (Hector Weyl’s standard—ideal for industrial areas).
- Outer Sheath: PE (waterproof) or PVC (indoor) or LSZH (public areas).
How to Read Coax Cable Specs (e.g., SYV-75-5-1C)
GA/T 1297-2016 uses a standardized naming system—here’s what each part means:
- S: RF (radio frequency) cable (for video signals).
- Y: PE insulation.
- V: PVC outer sheath.
- 75: Characteristic impedance (75Ω—standard for video).
- 5: Outer diameter (5mm).
- 1: Single-core conductor.
- C: Braid density (128 strands of copper—higher = better shielding).
Transmission Distance & Attenuation
Attenuation (signal loss, measured in dB) determines how far a coax cable can transmit video. For analog/HD analog cameras, aim for ≤3dB loss (signal remains clear).
| Cable Model | Max Distance (≤3dB Loss) | Ideal Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| SYV-75-5C | ≤200m | Indoor analog cameras (e.g., office hallways) |
| SYV-75-7C | ≤300m | Outdoor HD analog cameras (e.g., 小区围墙) |
| Hector Weyl HW-COAX-75-7 | ≤350m | Enhanced shielding, for high-EMI areas (e.g., factories) |
Hector Weyl Coax Cable Advantage
Our coax cables use high-purity OFC central conductors and double shielding (foil + 128-braid), reducing attenuation by 10% vs. generic cables. For example, the HW-COAX-75-5C transmits clear video up to 220m—20m further than the industry standard.
3.4 Data Cables: The Backbone of IP Surveillance
Data cables (Ethernet cables) are essential for IP cameras, NVRs, and network switches—they transmit video data, control signals, and even power (via PoE). The most common types are Cat5e, Cat6, and Cat6A (per TIA/EIA-568-C.2 standards).
Key Differences Between Cat5e, Cat6, and Cat6A
| Feature | Cat5e | Cat6 | Cat6A (Augmented Cat6) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bandwidth | 100MHz | 250MHz | 500MHz |
| Max Data Rate | 1Gbps (100m) | 10Gbps (55m) | 10Gbps (100m) |
| Crosstalk (XT) | Moderate (needs twisting) | Low (Cross skeleton isolated) | Very Low (foil shielding) |
| PoE Support | PoE/PoE+ (15.4W/30W) | PoE++ (60W) | PoE++ (60W) |
| Ideal For | 1080p IP cameras | 4K/8K IP cameras | AI cameras, 8K PTZs (high data) |
Hector Weyl Data Cable Features
- Cross skeleton(Cat6/Cat6A): Separates twisted pairs to reduce crosstalk (XT ≤-54dB for Cat6, vs. industry standard ≤-50dB).
- OFC Conductors: 99.99% pure copper, ensures stable PoE delivery (no voltage drop for 100m runs).
-
Sheathing Options:
- PVC: Indoor use (cost-effective).
- LSZH: Low-smoke (hospitals, subways).
- UV-Resistant PE: Outdoor use (rooftops, poles).
- PoE Certification: All Cat5e/Cat6/Cat6A cables are PoE++ certified, safe for powering high-demand devices (e.g., Hector Weyl 8K PTZ camera, 45W).
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using Cat5e for 4K cameras: Causes data bottlenecks (video lags or drops).
- Running data cables near power cables: EMI from power cables distorts data—keep them ≥30cm apart (or use shielded Cat6A).
3.5 Optical Cables (Fiber Optic Cables): Long-Distance, High-Bandwidth Transmission
Optical cables use thin glass or plastic fibers to transmit data via light signals—making them ideal for long-distance surveillance systems (e.g., citywide traffic cameras, campus-wide security) where copper cables (coax/data) suffer too much attenuation.
Types of Optical Cables (By Application)
| Type | Structure | Ideal Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Indoor Optical Cable | Thin, flexible (butterfly shape) | Ceiling/wall wiring (e.g., office IP cameras) |
| Outdoor Optical Cable | Armored (steel tape/wire), waterproof | Buried underground or 架空 (e.g., highway cameras) |
| Armored Indoor/Outdoor | Flexible steel tube armor | Indoor-to-outdoor runs (e.g., building entrances) |
Key Specs for Surveillance
-
Fiber Type:
- Single-Mode Fiber (SMF): Transmits light in one path, low attenuation (≤0.3dB/km at 1310nm)—ideal for long distances (10km–100km).
- Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF): Transmits light in multiple paths, higher attenuation (≤3dB/km at 850nm)—ideal for short distances (≤500m).
- Core Count: Number of fibers (e.g., 4-core, 12-core, 24-core). A 4-core cable can connect 2 cameras (1 fiber for transmit, 1 for receive per camera).
Hector Weyl Optical Cable Advantages
- Low-Loss SMF: Attenuation ≤0.28dB/km at 1310nm—transmits 4K video 10km without repeaters (vs. generic SMF’s 0.35dB/km).
- Outdoor Durability: Double steel tape armor + PE sheath, resistant to salt spray (coastal areas), UV rays, and rodent chewing.
- Easy Termination: Pre-terminated with LC/SC connectors (per GA/T 1351-2018), compatible with Hector Weyl fiber switches.
3.6 Composite Cables: All-in-One Solutions for Simplified Wiring
Composite cables combine 2+ functions (e.g., power + data, video + power) into a single cable—reducing wiring time, cost, and complexity, especially for outdoor installations.
Common Composite Cable Types for Surveillance
| Type | Functions Combined | Ideal Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Power+Data Composite | DC 24V power + Cat5e data | Outdoor IP cameras (e.g., streetlights, parking lots)—no need for separate power/data cables. |
| Video+Power Composite | Coax video + DC 12V power | Analog cameras (e.g., warehouse corners)—simplifies single-camera runs. |
| Power+Data+Video Composite | 24V power + Cat6 data + coax video | Hybrid systems (mix of IP and analog cameras)—one cable for all. |
Hector Weyl Composite Cable Features
- Internal Shielding: Separates power, data, and video lines with metal barriers—prevents power interference (e.g., 24V power won’t distort Cat6 data).
- Weatherproof Design: PE sheath + aluminum tape shielding, IP67 rated (survives rain, dust, and -40℃ to 70℃ temperatures).
- Customization: We build composite cables to your needs—e.g., a “Power+Data” cable for 48V PoE++ cameras, or a “Video+Power+Alarm” cable for retail stores.
4. Cable Selection & Installation: Follow GA/T 1406-2017 for Reliability
Choosing the right cable is only half the battle—poor installation can undo even the best cable’s performance. GA/T 1406-2017《Technical Requirements for Installation of Video Surveillance Systems》outlines critical guidelines for selection and installation. Below’s how to apply them.
4.1 Step-by-Step Cable Selection Process
-
Assess the Environment
- Indoor vs. outdoor: Outdoor needs waterproof/UV-resistant sheathing (PE), indoor can use PVC.
- Temperature range: Cold storage needs low-temp cables (-60℃), factories need high-temp (105℃ XLPE).
- EMI/chemicals: Industrial areas need shielded cables (aluminum foil + braid), labs need acid-resistant sheathing.
-
Calculate Transmission Distance & Attenuation
- For IP cameras: Use Cat5e (≤100m), Cat6 (≤100m for 4K), or SMF optical cable (≥1km).
- For analog cameras: Use SYV-75-5C (≤200m), SYV-75-7C (≤300m).
-
Match Cable to Device Power/Data Needs
- PoE cameras: Cat5e (PoE+ 30W) or Cat6 (PoE++ 60W).
- PTZ cameras: 22AWG power cable (3A) + RS485 control cable.
-
Prioritize Safety & Compliance
- Public areas (schools, subways): LSZH cables (no toxic smoke).
- High-security sites (banks): Armored cables (anti-tampering).
4.2 Critical Installation Tips (Per GA/T 1406-2017)
-
Avoid EMI Interference:
- Keep power cables ≥30cm away from data/coax cables.
- Cross power and data cables at 90° angles (minimizes EMI).
-
Outdoor Installation:
- Use waterproof connectors (Hector Weyl HW-WP-Connector, IP68 rated) for cable joints.
- Bury cables ≥0.7m deep (or use PVC protection tubes) to avoid damage.
- 架空 cables: Use galvanized steel poles and tension clamps (prevent sagging).
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Indoor Installation:
- Run cables through conduit (PVC or metal) to protect against physical damage.
- Avoid sharp bends (bend radius ≥10x cable diameter—prevents conductor breakage).
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Grounding:
- Ground shielded cables and armor (per YD5098 standard) to reduce static—ground impedance <5Ω, cable length ≤30m.
5. Cable Connectors: The “Link” That Can’t Fail
Even the best cable won’t work if its connector is faulty. GA/T 1351-2018《Connectors for Security Cables》defines standards for connectors, ensuring compatibility and reliability.
Common Connector Types for Security Cables
| Cable Type | Connector Type | Key Specs (Hector Weyl) |
|---|---|---|
| Power Cables | DC Barrel Connector | - 5.5mm×2.1mm (standard for 12V/24V cameras) - Gold-plated contacts (reduces resistance) - IP67 waterproof option (outdoor) |
| Coax Cables | BNC Connector | - 75Ω impedance (matches coax) - Crimp-on design (secure, no signal loss) - Nickel-plated (corrosion-resistant) |
| Data Cables | RJ45 Connector | - TIA/EIA-568-C.2 compliant - 8P8C (8 pins/8 conductors) - PoE++ rated (60W) |
| Optical Cables | LC/SC Connector | - Low insertion loss (≤0.3dB) - Duplex design (transmit/receive) - Dust caps (protects fiber) |
Hector Weyl Connector Advantage
- Compatibility: Works with all major security brands (Hikvision, Dahua, Uniview) and Hector Weyl devices.
- Durability: Plug and unplug life ≥1000 次 (vs. generic 500 times)，gold-plated contacts resist corrosion.
- Weatherproofing: Outdoor connectors (IP67/IP68) survive rain, snow, and temperature swings (-40℃ to 85℃).
6. Why Choose Hector Weyl Security Cables?
At Hector Weyl, we don’t just manufacture cables—we engineer system-compatible, environment-adaptable solutions that solve real-world surveillance challenges. Here’s what sets us apart:
6.1 Strict Adherence to Standards
All our cables meet or exceed GA/T 1297-2016, GA/T 1406-2017, GA/T 1351-2018, and TIA/EIA standards. Every batch undergoes 12+ tests (attenuation, shielding effectiveness, 耐温) and comes with a test report—critical for government or large-scale projects.
6.2 Customization for Your Project
Need a cable that withstands -50℃ for a polar research station? Or a 24-core optical cable for a city’s smart traffic system? Our engineering team designs custom cables in 7–10 days, with no minimum order quantity.
6.3 End-to-End Support
We don’t just sell cables—we help you:
- Cable Layout Design: Our team creates 2D/3D wiring diagrams for your site (e.g., a mall with 50 cameras).
- Installation Training: Train your team on GA/T 1406-2017 best practices (free for large orders).
- Warranty: 5-year warranty for standard cables, 10-year warranty for armored/optical cables (industry average = 3 years).
6.4 Real-World Proven
Our cables power surveillance systems worldwide:
- Shenzhen Subway: LSZH fire-resistant cables in 10+ stations (meets fire safety standards).
- Dubai Airport: Outdoor waterproof composite cables (withstand 50℃ heat and sandstorms).
- Shanghai Logistics Park: Rodent-proof armored cables (no cable failures in 3 years).
7. Ready to Build a Reliable Surveillance Infrastructure?
Security cables are the foundation of a system that works 24/7, 365 days a year. Cutting corners on cables leads to costly downtime, missed footage, and failed inspections.
Hector Weyl offers a full range of security cables—from standard power/data cables to custom optical/composite solutions. Whether you’re installing 5 cameras in a small store or 5,000 in a smart city, we have the cables and expertise to ensure your system runs smoothly.
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